Founder Diaries · Scent Memories · Flowers, Rain, Earth, Forests
By Sonal Sahani · ISIPCA Versailles 20 min read Updated October 2026
Mogra is jasmine sambac. Not a cousin, not a local variety, not an Indian approximation - the same flower, Jasminum sambac, under two names. That single fact resolves more reader confusion than anything else in this hundred-page series, and the sentence after it resolves most of the rest: jasmine grandiflorum is a different species, and it smells different enough that a reader who disliked one and loved the other is not being fussy, they are describing two flowers. This is the page that settles the botany for the whole family, says which of the three names SOSA actually uses, and gives you a way of telling from a listing which flower you are being sold.
Quick answers — read this first
What is the difference between mogra, jasmine sambac and jasmine grandiflorum? Mogra and jasmine sambac are the same flower under two names -
Jasminum sambac, the Indian and Arabic trade name and the botanical one. Jasmine grandiflorum is a different species, sometimes sold as Spanish or royal jasmine, and it smells brighter, more fruity and more apricot-like at the top and more transparent through the middle. Sambac is thicker, rounder, more tea-like and more frankly indolic with a short green entry.
SOSA Adaa carries jasmine sambac; SOSA uses no grandiflorum in any composition.
I tried a jasmine perfume and found it thin - was it the wrong jasmine? Very possibly, and that is the useful thing to check before you change anything else. Grandiflorum is the more transparent of the two by nature, so a composition built on it can read light and bright and slightly fruity where a reader expecting mogra was waiting for thickness and a tea-like, slightly animal middle. If that is what happened, the fix is a material change rather than a concentration change - a stronger grandiflorum is a louder version of the flower you did not want.
Which jasmine does SOSA actually use? Two, and they are not the pair most readers expect. Jasmine sambac sits in the heart of Adaa with magnolia and ylang ylang, under Calabrian bergamot, green cardamom and neroli, over white musk, vetiver and cedarwood. Night-blooming jasmine sits in the heart of
Mastani with Damask rose, over Mysore sandalwood, oudh, Madagascar vanilla and tonka. There is no jasmine grandiflorum anywhere in the range, and I am naming that absence rather than letting the other two cover for it.
The short answer
Short answer: Mogra and jasmine sambac are one flower; jasmine grandiflorum is another. That is the whole distinction and it is botanical rather than commercial. Jasminum sambac is the flower sold on threads outside temples across India and the material a perfumer calls sambac: thick, round, tea-like, frankly indolic, with a short green entry and very little fruit. Jasminum grandiflorum is a separate species, brighter and more fruity-apricot at the top and more transparent through the middle. They are not grades of each other and neither is a dilute version of the other, so a listing that says only jasmine has not yet told you which flower is in the bottle.
The pick: Adaa, the 6ml at ₹669, is the size to commit to once you know that mogra is sambac and sambac is what you want - the 3ml at ₹379 first if you have never had this flower on your own skin.
Mastani at ₹389 carries night-blooming jasmine, which is a third and distinct reading rather than a substitute for either. SOSA uses no grandiflorum at all, at any size.
Straight answer
What is the difference between mogra, jasmine sambac and jasmine grandiflorum fragrance profiles when choosing a floral attar?
Three names, two flowers. Mogra and jasmine sambac are the same species under a vernacular name and a trade name; jasmine grandiflorum is a different plant that smells different enough to be a separate buying decision. First, the naming, because it is the root of the problem. Jasminum sambac is the flower you know as mogra, also called mallipoo in the south, bela in parts of the north, and Arabian jasmine in English-language trade. Jasminum grandiflorum is the other perfumery jasmine, called chameli across much of north India and sold in the trade as Spanish or royal jasmine. Both are jasmines; they are not varieties of one another and neither is a grade of the other. So a reader searching for a mogra attar and finding a shelf labelled jasmine is looking at a category that silently contains two different flowers, and the word on the label does not say which. Second, how the two actually differ to a nose rather than on paper. This is the part worth memorising, because it is the part that predicts whether you will like a bottle. Sambac is the thicker of the two. It is rounder, denser, noticeably tea-like - there is a dry, almost green-tea quality in the middle of it that readers often cannot name - and it is more frankly indolic, which is to say its faintly animal, slightly overripe facet is more present and less apologetic. Its green entry is short and cool and then it settles into that thick middle quite quickly. Grandiflorum is the brighter one. It carries a fruity, almost apricot-like facet at the top that sambac does not have in the same way, it reads more transparent through the middle, and it has a lighter, more lifted quality overall. Put them side by side and most people describe sambac as heavier and more real and grandiflorum as prettier and more perfume-like, and both of those are fair reports. Third, the consequence for a reader who has already been disappointed. If you tried something labelled jasmine and found it thin, bright or faintly fruity when you were expecting the thick, tea-like, slightly animal flower from a thread, there is a decent chance you were smelling grandiflorum done perfectly well. That diagnosis matters because it changes what you do next. A reader who concludes the perfume was weak will buy a stronger one, and a stronger grandiflorum is simply more of a flower they did not want. The fix is a material change, not a concentration change. That sentence is the commercial heart of this page and it applies to every brand's shelf, not only to mine. Fourth, where the third name comes in, since this range carries one. Mastani's heart contains night-blooming jasmine alongside Damask rose. I treat it in my own copy as a third reading rather than as a synonym for either of the other two, because it is doing a different job in a different structure: it sits over Mysore sandalwood, oudh, Madagascar vanilla and tonka, which is a deep sweet base, and the result reads later, fuller and more nocturnal than Adaa's lifted sambac. A reader who wants mogra should not be routed to Mastani as a near-equivalent, and a reader who wants Mastani's register will not be satisfied by Adaa. Two different answers, honestly labelled, which is the whole of what I am claiming for either. Fifth, what this range contains and what it does not. Adaa carries jasmine sambac - which is mogra, the same flower - in its heart with magnolia and ylang ylang, under Calabrian bergamot, green cardamom and neroli, over white musk, vetiver and cedarwood, with no oudh. Mastani carries night-blooming jasmine with Damask rose. There is no jasmine grandiflorum in any SOSA composition, in any size, and I would rather say that in the fifth paragraph than let a reader assume my two jasmines cover the whole genus. If grandiflorum is specifically what you want - the brighter, fruitier, more transparent flower - nothing here is it, and the right move is to shop elsewhere for a composition that names the species on its own listing. Sixth, the test to run on any listing, because this is the transferable part. Look for the species. A brand that writes jasmine sambac, or Jasminum sambac, or mogra, has told you which flower is in the bottle. A brand that writes only jasmine has told you nothing, and the correct inference from the silence is not that they are hiding something - it is simply that you do not yet know, and you should ask before you spend. Then, once you have the species, read the top and the base rows to learn what has been done to it, which is a separate question and belongs to another page in this family. And last, the honest size advice that follows. Once you understand that mogra is sambac, the 6ml at ₹669 becomes a reasonable commitment rather than a gamble, because you now know what material you are buying and you can hold my description against the bottle. If you have never worn jasmine sambac on your own skin, start at the 3ml at ₹379 instead - the species question is settled by this page, but the question of whether an indolic flower suits you is settled only by your own wrist.
Why three names for two flowers produces so much disappointment
The confusion is structural rather than deceptive. Jasmine is a large genus, two of its species are commercially important in perfumery, and both of those are called jasmine in English while having entirely different vernacular names across India. Layer a trade vocabulary on top of that - Arabian jasmine, Spanish jasmine, royal jasmine, sambac, grandiflorum - and you have five or six words for two plants, with no convention about which to print on a bottle.
What makes it expensive rather than merely untidy is that the two flowers differ in exactly the dimension readers care most about. If the difference between them were a matter of intensity, a mislabelled bottle would be a minor annoyance. It is not: one is thick, tea-like and frankly indolic, and the other is bright, transparent and faintly fruity, so a reader hunting for the first can meet the second at full strength and conclude that jasmine as a whole is not for them. I have had that conversation more times than any other in this category.
Three names, two flowers, and the third reading this range carries
What each one actually is, how it behaves on skin, and the single thing in a listing that identifies it
| The thing |
What it actually is |
How it reads on skin |
How to tell it apart |
| Mogra |
The vernacular Indian name for Jasminum sambac. The same flower as jasmine sambac, not a relative of it - also called mallipoo, bela and Arabian jasmine, which is four names for one plant |
Thick, round, tea-like in the middle and frankly indolic, with a short cool green entry and very little fruit anywhere in it. It settles quickly into its own weight |
The word mogra itself, or sambac, or the Latin. If a listing uses the word mogra it has told you the species, which is more than most listings do |
| Jasmine sambac |
The perfumery trade name for exactly the same flower. There is no botanical difference whatever between this row and the one above it, and that is the point of the table |
Identical, because it is identical. A reader who loves mogra and has never knowingly bought jasmine sambac has simply never been told the two words name one thing |
Named in the heart of Adaa. Where you see it in any listing, you are being told the flower from the thread is in the bottle |
| Jasmine grandiflorum |
A different species, Jasminum grandiflorum - chameli in much of north India, sold as Spanish or royal jasmine. Not a grade or a variety of sambac |
Brighter and more lifted, with a fruity, faintly apricot-like facet at the top and a more transparent middle. Often described as prettier and more perfume-like than sambac |
The species name, or the word chameli, or Spanish or royal jasmine. SOSA uses none of it in any composition, which is why this row has no product attached to it |
| Night-blooming jasmine |
A third floral reading in this range rather than a synonym for either of the two above, carried in Mastani's heart alongside Damask rose |
Later and fuller than Adaa's sambac, because the structure under it is Mysore sandalwood, oudh, Madagascar vanilla and tonka - a deep sweet base rather than a dry one |
Named in Mastani's pyramid. I label it as a distinct reading rather than a mogra substitute, because routing a mogra reader here is the mistake this whole page exists to prevent |
Four rows for three names, because the fourth belongs to this range and would otherwise be quietly treated as a near-equivalent of the first two. Read the first two rows together: they are the same plant, and if you learn only that from this page you have gained the single most useful fact in the category. The third row is the one with no product against it, and I would rather leave the cell empty than fill it. The question of what has been
done to whichever flower is in the bottle - sweetened, scrubbed, flattened - is a different question and belongs to
the fresh-versus-synthetic page.
Mogra and jasmine sambac are the same flower; jasmine grandiflorum is a different species. Sambac is thicker, tea-like and more indolic with a short green entry; grandiflorum is brighter, fruitier and more transparent. So a reader who found a jasmine thin was probably smelling the wrong jasmine, and the fix is a material change rather than a stronger bottle. Adaa carries sambac - 6ml ₹669 to commit, 3ml ₹379 to test - with no oudh, 6-8 hours on skin. Flip: if grandiflorum is the flower you actually want, SOSA uses none of it in any composition and no bottle here is a stand-in for it.
What the distinction changes for a buyer, and the test to run on any listing
It changes three things, and all three save money. First, it changes your diagnosis of a past disappointment: thin and bright is a species problem, while sweet and powdery is a dosage problem, and those two faults have opposite remedies. Second, it changes what you search for - mogra and jasmine sambac are the two terms that actually narrow a shelf, while jasmine narrows nothing. Third, it changes what you ask a seller, because the species is a fact they either publish or do not, and a brand that cannot name the flower is not necessarily dishonest but has definitely not told you what you are buying.
There is a reason the two flowers differ so consistently, and it is worth one paragraph because it makes the distinction easier to remember than any list of adjectives. Sambac opens after dark and is traditionally gathered at night or in the first hour of light, while grandiflorum is gathered at dawn - and a flower picked in the dark is a flower caught at the point in its own cycle where the heavier, more indolic molecules are at their fullest and the light green facets have already gone. That is a large part of why sambac arrives in a formula as the thicker, rounder, more animal of the two and grandiflorum as the brighter one. The flowers are different species, but the hour at which each is handled compounds the difference rather than evening it out.
And it changes how you read other people's verdicts, which is worth as much as the rest. When one reviewer calls a jasmine heavy and animal and another calls the same category thin and fruity, they are very often describing two different species rather than disagreeing about one. Once you can hold that possibility in mind, a contradictory set of reviews stops being noise and becomes a clue about which flower each reviewer was holding.
The SOSA principle
A reader who tried a jasmine perfume and found it thin was probably smelling the wrong jasmine - and the fix for that is a material change rather than a concentration change. Buying a stronger version of the species you did not want is the most reliable way to be disappointed twice.
Which is why the first column to look for in any floral listing is the species rather than the concentration: sambac or grandiflorum narrows the shelf, and the word jasmine on its own narrows nothing at all.
If the flower in your memory is in fact juhi - Jasminum auriculatum, the small summer jasmine - then the distinction on this page does not reach it and I would rather say so than let the nearest name do. Juhi is a third species, neither sambac nor grandiflorum, and its character is its own: lighter, drier and more fleeting than either of the flowers above. There is no juhi in any SOSA composition, no third jasmine in this range at all, and nothing here is offered as a stand-in for it. A reader whose reference is juhi is in the position that forty-seven other pages of this series describe, where the honest answer is that the material is absent, and the useful move is to search on the species name itself rather than on the word jasmine, which will only bring you back to the two flowers this page has already separated.
— the condition that changes this answer
What I would buy, at what size, and the jasmine I do not have
One composition, a size decided by whether you have ever worn this flower, and a plainly stated gap where the third name should be. The reasoning on this page is more valuable than the recommendation, because the reasoning works on every shelf and the recommendation only works on mine.
The two jasmines in this range, and the species each one actually is
Which composition carries which flower, what that does on skin, and the size logic behind each
| Composition |
The reader it is right for |
Why - and the honest limit |
Price |
SOSA Adaa Attar
|
A reader whose reference flower is mogra, under any of its names |
Jasmine sambac - the same species as mogra - in the heart with magnolia and ylang ylang, under Calabrian bergamot, green cardamom and neroli, over white musk, vetiver and cedarwood, with no oudh. The thick, tea-like, indolic flower held under a bitter-green entry. Limit: it is a composition and not a soliflore, so two other florals share its heart, and the lightest attar in the range will read reticent to anyone wanting volume |
3ml ₹379 · 6ml ₹669 · 12ml ₹1,149 View →
|
SOSA Mastani Attar
|
A reader who wants the later, fuller, more nocturnal floral reading on purpose |
Night-blooming jasmine with Damask rose over Mysore sandalwood, oudh, Madagascar vanilla and tonka - a third reading rather than a near-equivalent of sambac. Limit: this is the sweeter and deeper structure, so it is not a mogra substitute and I would not route a mogra reader here. A second flower shares the heart and there is oudh underneath |
3ml ₹389 · 6ml ₹685 · 12ml ₹1,179 View →
|
What is deliberately missing from this table is a row for jasmine grandiflorum, because there is nothing in this range to put in it. I could write a sentence about Adaa's magnolia or Mastani's rose doing something adjacent, and it would be the kind of sentence this entire series exists to avoid. If the bright, fruity, transparent jasmine is the one you want, neither row above is it, and the honest instruction is to shop for a composition that names grandiflorum on its own listing - from somebody who is not me.
Sonal’s recommendation
Adaa, the 6ml at ₹669 if you know this flower, the 3ml at ₹379 if you do not
This is the page I most wish somebody had put in front of me at twenty. One sentence - mogra is jasmine sambac - would have saved me three years of thinking the flower I grew up with had no perfumery name, and it saves readers a great deal more than that in wasted purchases.
— Sonal Sahani, founder and perfumer, ISIPCA Versailles-trained
| What to buy |
SOSA Adaa - Calabrian bergamot, green cardamom and neroli over jasmine sambac, magnolia and ylang ylang, on white musk, vetiver and cedarwood, with no oudh |
| Which size to start at |
The 6ml at ₹669 if you have worn jasmine sambac on your own skin and liked it, because the species question is now settled. The 3ml at ₹379 if you have not, because this page settles the botany and not your preference |
| Where to apply it |
One dab at the inner wrist, on skin, uncovered, and patch-test before the first full wearing - the only skin advice this series gives at all |
| What to search for next time |
Mogra, or jasmine sambac, or the Latin. Those three terms narrow a shelf. The word jasmine on its own narrows nothing and is the reason you are reading this page |
| What this range does not contain |
Jasmine grandiflorum, in any composition and at any size. Nor juhi. I would rather name the two absences than let my two jasmines imply a complete genus |
| What to do with a past disappointment |
Diagnose it before you re-spend. Thin, bright and fruity points at the wrong species. Sweet and powdery points at what was done to the right one, and those two faults have opposite fixes |
The reason the size advice splits here rather than defaulting to the smallest bottle is that this page genuinely removes one of the two unknowns. Most readers arrive at a floral purchase not knowing which flower they want and not knowing whether they will like it; if you now know that mogra is sambac and sambac is what you are after, the only question left is your own skin, and a reader who has already worn this flower has answered that. And the case where I would sell you nothing at all: if grandiflorum or juhi is the flower in your memory, keep the money - nothing in this range is either of them, and
the family ranking will show you exactly how short the honest list is before you spend anything finding out.
Three names, two flowers - which one is actually in your memory?
Two readers arrive here with the same question and one of them should not buy from me at all. One line each.
See SOSA Adaa - 6ml ₹669
Mogra - the thick, tea-like, slightly animal flower from a thread. Then you want jasmine sambac, which is the same species under its trade name, and it sits in Adaa's heart under a bitter-green top. The 6ml if you have worn this flower before, the 3ml if you have not.
Ask Sonal which jasmine you met
Something brighter and fruitier - or a flower I cannot name at all. If it is grandiflorum you are after, there is none in this range and no bottle of mine is a stand-in. Describe what you smelled and where, and I will tell you which species it probably was and whether anybody sells a composition built on it, including when the answer is that it is not mine to sell.
A note from Sonal
I was twenty-two and sitting in a classroom in Versailles when somebody put a bottle labelled jasmine sambac in front of me, and I was briefly and genuinely annoyed. The flower I had smelled at my grandmother's gate for two decades had a Latin name, a trade, a price per kilogram and a position in other people's formulae, and nobody at home had ever mentioned any of it. I have since met a great many Indian readers carrying exactly that gap, and closing it in one sentence is the most useful thing this page does.
The grandiflorum half of the problem took me longer to take seriously. For a while I assumed that readers complaining a jasmine was thin were complaining about concentration, because that is what the complaint sounds like. It is usually a species complaint wearing a strength complaint's clothes, and the two have opposite remedies - which is why a reader who buys a stronger bottle of the flower they did not want ends up further from the answer than when they started. Diagnosis before purchase, on this one, saves real money.
And the discipline I hold on my own side. There is no grandiflorum in my range and no juhi either, and I am not going to gesture at Adaa's magnolia or Mastani's rose as though they covered the gap. Two jasmines, named by species, and two absences named as absences. That is the standard the whole hundred pages is held to, and forty-seven of them end in a refusal rather than a bottle. Write and describe the jasmine you met - where, what time of day, what you disliked - and I will tell you which of the three flowers it was, including when the honest answer is that nothing of mine is it.
Frequently asked questions
Is mogra the same flower as jasmine sambac?
Yes - exactly the same species, Jasminum sambac, under a vernacular name and a perfumery trade name. It is also called mallipoo in the south, bela in parts of the north and Arabian jasmine in English-language trade, which is four names for one plant. A reader who loves mogra and has never knowingly bought jasmine sambac has simply never been told that the two words name one thing.
How does jasmine grandiflorum differ from jasmine sambac to a nose?
Grandiflorum is brighter and more lifted, with a fruity, faintly apricot-like facet at the top and a more transparent middle. Sambac is thicker and rounder, noticeably tea-like through the middle, and more frankly indolic, with a short cool green entry before it settles into its own weight. They are separate species rather than grades of each other, so neither is a dilute or concentrated version of the other.
Does SOSA use jasmine grandiflorum in any composition?
No. There is no jasmine grandiflorum in any SOSA attar or perfume oil, in any size. The range carries jasmine sambac in the heart of Adaa and night-blooming jasmine in the heart of Mastani, and nothing else of the genus. Nothing in the range is offered as a substitute for grandiflorum, and a reader who specifically wants that brighter, fruitier flower should shop for a composition that names the species on its own listing.
I found a jasmine perfume thin and bright - what should I do differently?
Diagnose the fault before spending again, because thin and bright is usually a species problem rather than a strength problem. If you were expecting the thick, tea-like, slightly animal flower from a thread and met something lifted and faintly fruity, you may well have smelled grandiflorum rendered perfectly competently. The remedy is a material change - search for sambac or mogra by name - rather than a stronger bottle of the same flower.
Is night-blooming jasmine the same as mogra or grandiflorum?
No. In this range it is treated as a third and distinct floral reading, carried in Mastani's heart alongside Damask rose and sitting over Mysore sandalwood, oudh, Madagascar vanilla and tonka. That deep sweet structure makes it read later and fuller than Adaa's lifted sambac. It is not offered as a mogra substitute, and routing a reader who wants mogra towards it is the specific mistake this page exists to prevent.
Three names and two flowers. Learn that mogra and jasmine sambac are one species and that grandiflorum is another, and you will stop buying the wrong jasmine at a higher concentration in the hope that it becomes the right one.
— Sonal Sahani, SOSA
From a word on a label to the species in the bottle
SOSA — Two Flowers, Three Names sambac, grandiflorum, and which one SOSA carries
Mogra and jasmine sambac are the same flower; jasmine grandiflorum is a different species, brighter and more fruity-apricot, and SOSA uses none of it in any composition. SOSA Adaa carries jasmine sambac at ₹379 for 3ml, ₹669 for 6ml and ₹1,149 for 12ml - Calabrian bergamot, green cardamom and neroli over jasmine sambac, magnolia and ylang ylang, on white musk, vetiver and cedarwood, with no oudh. Mastani at ₹389 carries night-blooming jasmine as a third and distinct reading. All four SOSA attars are alcohol-free, DPG-free oil perfumes on a sandalwood and jojoba carrier, hand-blended in Pune, 6-8 hours on skin. Where this series is asked for a material SOSA does not make, it says so plainly and sells no substitute.
Ask SOSA to match a memory → SOSA Adaa Attar · ₹379
The two jasmines this range actually carries
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Editorial standards & sources
About this guide: Written by Sonal Sahani, ISIPCA Versailles-trained founder and perfumer at SOSA Home & Body. It is written for a reader who knows the feeling they want and not the notes; the method of translating a place, a memory or a feeling into a fragrance family applies to any brand, and the product recommendations reflect the SOSA attar range only.
Facts verified 16 October 2026 against the live SOSA product pages: every SOSA attar is an alcohol-free, DPG-free oil perfume carried on sandalwood and jojoba oil with a built-in dab applicator, hand-blended in Pune, sold in 3ml, 6ml and 12ml, and described by SOSA as wearing 6-8 hours on skin - longer on warm or oily skin, and always as a skin scent rather than a room scent.
SOSA Adaa (3ml ₹379 · 6ml ₹669 · 12ml ₹1,149) is the lightest in the range: Calabrian bergamot, green cardamom and neroli over jasmine sambac, magnolia and ylang ylang, on white musk, vetiver and cedarwood.
SOSA Ameeri (₹385 · ₹679 · ₹1,165) is Persian saffron, pink pepper and bergamot over Taif rose and Indian sandalwood, on soft oudh, amber and white musk.
SOSA Mastani (₹389 · ₹685 · ₹1,179) is litchi, bergamot and pink pepper over night-blooming jasmine and Damask rose, on Mysore sandalwood, oudh, Madagascar vanilla and tonka.
SOSA Nawaab (₹399 · ₹699 · ₹1,199) is the deepest in the range: white royal oud, Mysore sandalwood, Kashmir saffron and aged tobacco leaf on amber, leather and white musk. The three evening attars come together as the
SOSA Attar Trio (₹1,055 · ₹1,859 · ₹3,189). The four attars above are the whole attar range, and it contains no mitti or petrichor attar, no tuberose or rajnigandha, no champa or champak, no khus or vetiver soliflore, no marigold, no pine or conifer, no moss, no coffee and no clean-linen or aldehydic accord. Vetiver and cedarwood exist only as base notes inside Adaa, and sandalwood runs through the carrier of all four. Where a reader asks for a material SOSA does not make, these pages say so plainly and do not offer a substitute as though it were the thing asked for. Separately from the attars, SOSA makes six perfume oils in 10ml, 50ml and 100ml - Zaffran, Tabac Noir, Samundar, Khayaal, Chashni and Bahaar - each an independent SOSA composition inspired by a widely known fragrance and not affiliated with, or endorsed by, the house named. Fragrance is a personal choice: SOSA makes no claim that any attar changes how others perceive, judge or respond to the wearer, no claim about attraction, confidence, mood, sleep, stress or wellbeing, and no medical, dermatological or allergy claim - anyone with sensitive skin or a fragrance allergy should patch-test and consult their own judgement or a doctor. Wear time and projection vary with skin, climate and application. A portion of every SOSA order supports girl-child education through Nanhi Kali. Prices and availability are subject to change - see the live product pages.